1 Bench-to-bedside Review: Oxygen as A Drug
Vida Chauncy edited this page 2025-11-23 20:12:12 +08:00


Oxygen is likely one of the mostly used therapeutic brokers. Injudicious use of oxygen at excessive partial pressures (hyperoxia) for unproven indications, its identified toxic potential, and the acknowledged roles of reactive oxygen species in tissue harm led to skepticism regarding its use. A large physique of knowledge indicates that hyperoxia exerts an extensive profile of physiologic and pharmacologic results that enhance tissue oxygenation, exert anti-inflammatory and BloodVitals health antibacterial results, and augment tissue restore mechanisms. These knowledge set the rationale for the use of hyperoxia in an inventory of clinical situations characterized by tissue hypoxia, infection, and consequential impaired tissue repair. Data on regional hemodynamic results of hyperoxia and recent compelling proof on its anti-inflammatory actions incited a surge of interest within the potential therapeutic results of hyperoxia in myocardial revascularization and safety, in traumatic and BloodVitals health nontraumatic ischemicanoxic brain insults, and in prevention of surgical site infections and in alleviation of septic and nonseptic native and systemic inflammatory responses.


Although the margin of security between effective and potentially toxic doses of oxygen is comparatively narrow, the power to fastidiously control its dose, meticulous adherence to currently accepted therapeutic protocols, BloodVitals health and individually tailor-made treatment regimens make it a cost-effective safe drug. Oxygen is without doubt one of the most generally used therapeutic brokers. It is a drug within the true sense of the word, with specific biochemical and physiologic actions, a distinct range of efficient doses, and nicely-outlined adverse effects at high doses. Oxygen is broadly obtainable and commonly prescribed by medical workers in a broad range of circumstances to relieve or BloodVitals health prevent tissue hypoxia. Although oxygen therapy stays a cornerstone of modern medical practice and BloodVitals health though many facets of its physiologic actions have already been elucidated, proof-based mostly data on its results in many potentially related clinical conditions are lagging behind. The price of a single use of oxygen is low. Yet in many hospitals, the annual expenditure on oxygen therapy exceeds these of most other excessive-profile therapeutic brokers.


The simple availability of oxygen lies beneath an absence of business interest in it and the paucity of funding of giant-scale clinical studies on oxygen as a drug. Furthermore, the commonly accepted paradigm that links hyperoxia to enhanced oxidative stress and the comparatively slender margin of security between its efficient and toxic doses are further obstacles accounting for the disproportionately small variety of excessive-high quality studies on the clinical use of oxygen at larger-than-regular partial pressures (hyperoxia). Yet it is straightforward to meticulously management the dose of oxygen (the mix of its partial stress and duration of exposure), in distinction to many different medicine, and due to this fact clinically important manifestations of oxygen toxicity are uncommon. The current overview summarizes physiologic and pathophysiologic rules on which oxygen therapy relies in clinical circumstances characterized by impaired tissue oxygenation with out arterial hypoxemia. Normobaric hyperoxia (normobaric oxygen, BloodVitals health NBO) is applied by way of a large number of masks that enable delivery of impressed oxygen of 24% to 90%.